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Over the past few decades, as trade and investment barriers have lessened, and transport and communication costs have declined, multinational enterprises or MNEs have become an increasingly important fixture in the global economy. As these entities begin to represent a larger share of global economic activity, the importance of monitoring them and understanding their behaviour has never been greater. However, MNEs cross borders by definition, making them notably difficult to keep track of at the national level. The new OECD UNSD Multinational Enterprise Information Platform gathers together data on the world's largest multinationals from a range of public sources. These data cover the geographical and digital scope of individual multinationals and an array of indicators, complementing major recent reforms to the international tax system led by the OECD and in response to the challenges arising from digitalisation. But what new benefits does this initiative deliver? What does the data reveal? And how can it be used for economic analysis? And what does this say about where the global economy is heading? This OECD Podcast aims to address these questions and more in conversation with one of our own data experts.
For almost three years now, the tourism sector has been going through a really tough time. It was smashed by the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions. After hitting 1.5 billion international tourist arrivals in 2019, international tourist arrivals worldwide plummeted by over 70%. It rebounded strongly in 2022 driven by pent up demand, household savings and the easing of travel restrictions – the so-called “revenge spend”. But now the sector faces an uncertain outlook – as the global economic slowdown and the fallout from Russia’s war in Ukraine brings new challenges. Tourism businesses are being hit by rising costs, and tight labour markets. The cost of living crisis is also putting pressure on household incomes and consumer spending. How can governments and businesses boost recovery in the short term and create a stronger, more sustainable tourism economy?
Young people are increasingly prioritising careers with positive social and environmental impacts. Globally, two-in-five young people see social impact as one of the deciding factors for their career choices. At the same time, almost 50% of young people in OECD countries would prefer to be self- employed rather than work as employees. Young people are seizing opportunities and leading social enterprises across the world but what are the challenges and best paths to follow? How do we give young people a seat at the table? What can policy makers do to help? Polly Akhurst from Amala gives us her insights.
While the European Union is developing the Data Act, the Data Governance Act and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, the issue of the data governance remains at the fore. In today’s podcast, we will try to answer some of these questions: What are the policy options for Europe’s data governance framework, especially with regard to AI, that align with a data justice perspective? How to foster a positive vision of AI as contributing to public goods and creating public value? How to recognise the rights and interests of different communities in data? To what extend is it possible to foresee risks and vulnerabilities when legislating on digital?We will address these questions with the help of Pernille Weiss, Member of the European Parliament’s Committees on Industry, Research and Energy and on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, and Linnet Taylor, Associate Professor of Data Ethics, Law and Policy at the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), where she leads the Global Data Justice project.
This podcast is third in the 2022 podcast series on Artificial intelligence brought to you by the OECD’s Global Parliamentary Network and the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology, also known as STOA.
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The European Parliament and Council are currently negotiating the Artificial Intelligence Act, which introduces common regulatory and legal framework for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in all domains except the military. However, the negotiations pose several challenges for legislators. How should the risk categories be established? Do they take into account unintended impacts of AI? What divergences between public and private sectors could emerge, and how can they be adressed? And how is the AI Act going to help protecting fundamental rights and values? We will answer these questions with Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, MEP from Portugal, who is the Vice-Chair of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and a member of the OECD Parliamentary Group on AI; and Ilina Georgieva, research scientist working on AI, cyber regulation and cyber norms at the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), an independent research organisation.
This podcast is second in the 2022 series on Artificial intelligence, brought to you by the OECD’s Global Parliamentary Network and the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology, also known as STOA.
Cultural and creative sectors have been profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall contribution to global gross value added (GVA) of the sector fell by around 21% between 2019-20. 10 million jobs were lost worldwide in these industries. However, the impact of the pandemic has been uneven. Businesses with strong digital content have done very well, such as the gaming and music streaming services. Public support measures helped to cushion some of the COVID-19 blow, but now we need a sharper focus on the diverse needs of culture and creative industries for a stronger recovery.
With Katia Travkina, OECD Policy Analyst, Culture and Creative Sectors and Shayne MacLachlan, Communications and Public Affairs Manager, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE).
Artificial intelligence played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic, from hastening diagnoses to supporting contract tracing and more. In this sense, the pandemic has already shown us how A.I. can benefit healthcare. But this seems just the beginning of revolution. What else can be done? What are the limits and risks of using artificial intelligence in health care? And how can we best ensure that it is both effective and trustworthy? We’ll answer these questions with Lina Gálvez Muñoz, MEP from Spain, Vice Chair of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, member of the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) and of the OECD Parliamentary Group on AI; and Karim Lekadir, head of EUCanImage, a four year AI research project aimed at making advances in oncology which has 20 partners across 11 countries.
This podcast is first in the 2022 series on Artificial intelligence, brought to you by the OECD’s Global Parliamentary Network and the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology, also known as STOA.
Not everyone has an equal opportunity to transform their ideas into a business. There could be an additional 9 million people starting and managing new business in the European Union (EU) – and 35 million across OECD countries – if everyone was as active in business creation as core age men (30-49 years old). David Halabisky, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship and SMEs, Regions and Cities speaks with Shayne MacLachlan on how harnessing the untapped potential of “the missing entrepreneurs” can uncover new ideas, create jobs and contribute to economic growth, which are central to plans for a strong COVID-19 recovery.
College graduates, entrepreneurs, inventors—talented people are increasingly on the move for school and for work. William Kerr, D’Arbeloff Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and author of The Gift of Global Talent, discusses how to attract talent, where it clusters and the match-up between global talent and superstar firms.
Entrepreneurs think big. They launch new ideas, create jobs, promote economic development. They also help foster sustainable growth and social inclusion. But is entrepreneurship open to everyone? And can it really serve as a social elevator? Yes, argues says entrepreneur and philanthropist John Hope Bryant – if there is the right culture in place. In this podcast he lays out his plan to build financial literacy, self-sufficiency and stronger economies.