Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

This policy paper analyses the role of Korean rural regions in the country’s transition to carbon neutrality by 2050, drawing on a conference organised by the OECD in collaboration with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT) of Korea. The report outlines the emissions profile of Korea’s rural regions, compares them with other OECD countries and takes a deep dive on the three most emitting sectors: power generation, manufacturing, and transport. The paper then describes Korea’s action plan to reach carbon neutrality. It discusses the just transition challenges in rural regions, highlighting employment risks and opportunities.

Understanding adults’ attitudes towards the environment is necessary to gauge the opportunities and challenges of creating effective and politically-feasible climate policies. Using data from the Wellcome Global Monitor 2020, the European Social Survey (Round 8), World Values Survey and EM-DAT, this paper examines how adults’ environmental attitudes vary within and across countries and details how environmental attitudes are associated with adults’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviours and support for environmentally-friendly policies. The paper explores whether the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment over the state of the economy or vice versa depends on individuals’ exposure to natural disasters or negative labour market conditions. Results indicate that people’s economic vulnerability and the sectors they work in impact their attitudes towards their environment and support for public policy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that increases in unemployment and exposure to natural disasters influence the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment.

The North Korean economy has been a statistical black hole for decades but is undergoing substantial transformations. Rapid post-war industrialisation was not sustained beyond the mid-1960s and South Korea’s economy far outpaced North Korea’s during the next three decades, during which trend growth declined and turned negative as Soviet support ended and the terms of trade with China became less friendly. Today, GDP in North Korea is reportedly lower than in 1990, notwithstanding a larger population, and gross national income per capita is probably down to only a tiny fraction of South Korea’s.

Les gouvernements du XXIe siècle doivent suivre l'évolution des attentes de leurs citoyens et tenir les promesses de l'ère numérique. Les approches basées sur les données sont particulièrement efficaces pour répondre à ces attentes et repenser la manière dont les gouvernements et les citoyens interagissent. Ce rapport souligne le rôle important que les données peuvent jouer dans la création de conditions améliorant les services publics, augmentant l'efficacité des dépenses publiques et éclairant les considérations éthiques et de confidentialité. Il présente un cadre du secteur public fondé sur les données pouvant aider les pays ou les organisations à évaluer les éléments nécessaires à l'utilisation des données afin de prendre des décisions mieux informées dans tous les secteurs publics.

Twenty-first century governments must keep pace with the expectations of their citizens and deliver on the promise of the digital age. Data-driven approaches are particularly effective for meeting those expectations and rethinking the way governments and citizens interact. This report highlights the important role data can play in creating conditions that improve public services, increase the effectiveness of public spending and inform ethical and privacy considerations. It presents a data-driven public sector framework that can help countries or organisations assess the elements needed for using data to make better-informed decisions across public sectors.

Pedestrians are vulnerable in traffic, with frequently reported injuries and fatalities. These risks are believed to be correlated with socio-economic attributes such as age, income or education levels. For Korea, it is shown that elderly pedestrians have a higher mortality risk than other road users. On a municipal level, risk factors are high car ownership, an aging population and low population density; factors associated with rural areas. Some tentative evidence also points to financially stronger municipalities having better traffic safety, which could reflect a larger capacity to maintain roads and implement road safety measures.

Cambodia has been undertaking regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing the competitiveness and diversity of Cambodian businesses since early 2004. It has introduced a number of policies and plans to improve the quality and efficiency of administrative services and public financial management, including systematic impact assessments and the use of information and communications technology (ICT). Recently, Cambodia has installed a central oversight and quality assurance body in its executive branch to oversee regulatory policymaking, making it among the first countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to do so. Cambodia has also embraced convergence with regional and national standards in formulating regulatory policies, including in tax collection and reporting. Support for micro- and small enterprises has been particularly highlighted in numerous national development plans and promoted at the highest level by the Prime Minister.

Das Wirtschaftswachstum wird den Projektionen zufolge kräftig und breitbasiert bleiben. Die Exporte ziehen in dem Maße an, wie sich die Aussichten in den EU-Ländern und in Russland verbessern. Stärkere Exporte und Mittel aus EU-Strukturfonds kurbeln die Investitionstätigkeit an. Der starke Lohnanstieg wird den Verbrauch der privaten Haushalte stützen. Die Arbeitslosigkeit wird infolge kompetenzbezogener und regionaler Ungleichgewichte zwischen Arbeitsnachfrage und Arbeitsangebot wahrscheinlich nur allmählich zurückgehen. Das Leistungsbilanzdefizit wird sich den Projektionen zufolge ausweiten, da die starke Inlandsnachfrage die Einfuhren ankurbelt

La croissance économique devrait rester aux alentours de 3 % jusqu'à la fin de 2019, soutenue par une progression accélérée des exportations et des mesures de relance budgétaire qui compenseront l'effet du durcissement des règles relatives à l'immobilier résidentiel et au crédit hypothécaire, lequel ralentira l'investissement en logements. Le taux d'inflation devrait s'élever et se rapprocher de l'objectif de 2 %, tandis que l'excédent des paiements courants refluera à environ 4 % du PIB.

Economic growth is projected to remain around 3% through 2019, supported by stronger export growth and fiscal stimulus that offset the impact of tighter regulations on housing and mortgage lending, which will slow construction investment. Inflation is projected to rise toward the 2% target, while the current account surplus narrows to around 4% of GDP.