Iceland
Études économiques consacrées périodiquement par l'OCDE à l’économie de l’Islande. Chaque étude analyse les grands enjeux auxquels le pays fait face. Elle examine les perspectives à court terme et présente des recommandations détaillées à l’intention des décideurs politiques. Des chapitres thématiques analysent des enjeux spécifiques. Les tableaux et graphiques contiennent un large éventail de données statistiques.
OECD’s periodic surveys of the Icelandic economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.
Portée par le tourisme étranger et la vigueur de la demande intérieure, l’économie islandaise est l’une des plus dynamiques de l’OCDE. La situation sur le marché du travail est tendue et la progression des salaires est robuste, alors que leur distribution étroite assure un fort degré d’égalité. L’inflation persiste et se généralise, sur fond de désancrage des anticipations d’inflation. La politique budgétaire est en voie de durcissement, mais l’assainissement pourrait être mené plus rapidement pour soutenir la politique monétaire. Malgré les progrès réalisés, des obstacles à l’entrée subsistent dans beaucoup de secteurs. Des réformes structurelles pourraient aider à stimuler la productivité tout en favorisant la désinflation. Taxer plus lourdement et plus largement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et investir dans des mesures moins coûteuses en vue de leur réduction permettraient d’obtenir de manière efficiente de nouvelles réductions. L’immigration augmente rapidement depuis la fin des années 90, en grande partie en raison de la vigueur de la croissance économique et du niveau de vie élevé du pays. Cette immigration a eu d’importantes retombées économiques positives, notamment parce qu’elle a permis d’accroître la population en âge de travailler et aidé l’Islande à répondre à la demande de main-d’œuvre dans les secteurs en croissance rapide. Cependant, l’intégration des immigrés et de leurs enfants s'accompagne de défis importants qu'il s’agit de relever. Une formation linguistique des adultes plus efficace et une amélioration des procédures de reconnaissance des compétences sont nécessaires. De même, les enseignants devraient être mieux préparés à répondre à la diversité des besoins pédagogiques des élèves. Une meilleure intégration de la population immigrée nécessite également de répondre à ses besoins en logement, ce qui suppose notamment d'étoffer l’offre de logements sociaux et abordables.
CHAPITRE THÉMATIQUE : RELEVER LES DÉFIS ET EXPLOITER LES AVANTAGES DE L'IMMIGRATION EN ISLANDE
Immigration has increased rapidly since the late 1990s, driven largely by strong economic growth and high standards of living. By mid-2023, foreign citizens made up around 18% of the population. This has brought important economic benefits to Iceland, including by boosting the working age population and helping the country to meet labour demands in fast-growing sectors. However, there are important challenges regarding the integration of immigrants and their children that need to be addressed through a comprehensive approach, helping to make the most of immigration. Successful labour market integration of immigrants requires more effective language training for adults and an improvement in skills recognition procedures. At the same time, immigrants need more opportunities to work in the public sector and the adult learning system should be adjusted to better encompass their training needs. Strengthening language skills is key to improving the weak educational outcomes of immigrant students. Enhancing teachers’ preparedness to accommodate students’ diverse educational needs is another pre-requisite. Strengthening integration further hinges upon meeting the housing needs of the immigrant population, including through an increase in the supply of social and affordable housing.
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This reliable source of yearly data covers a wide range of statistics on international trade of OECD countries and provides detailed data in value by commodity and by partner country. The first four volumes each contain the tables for six countries, published in the order in which they become available. The fifth contains seven countries and the sixth volume also includes the OECD country groupings OECD Total and EU28-Extra.
For each country, this publication shows detailed tables relating to the Harmonised System HS 2012 classification, Sections and Divisions (one- and two- digit). Each table presents imports and exports of a given commodity with more than seventy partner countries or country groupings for the most recent five-year period available.
Iceland’s economy is one of the fastest-growing in the OECD, driven by foreign tourism and strong domestic demand. The labour market is tight and wage growth robust, while high wage compression helps maintain a highly egalitarian economy. Inflation is persistent and broadening, and inflation expectations have de-anchored. The fiscal stance is tightening but consolidation could be faster to support monetary policy. Despite progress, barriers to entry remain in many sectors. Structural reform could raise productivity while also contributing to disinflation. Higher and broader taxation of greenhouse gas emissions, and investing in lower-cost actions to cut emissions, would help achieve further reductions efficiently. Immigration has increased rapidly since the late 1990s, driven largely by strong economic growth and high standards of living. This has brought important economic benefits, including by boosting the working age population and helping Iceland to meet labour demands in fast-growing sectors. However, challenges regarding the integration of immigrants and their children need to be addressed. More effective language training for immigrants and improved skill recognition procedures are called for. So is enhancing teachers’ preparedness to accommodate students’ diverse educational needs. Better integration also requires meeting the housing needs of the immigrant population, including through expanding the supply of social and affordable housing.
THEMATIC CHAPTER: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES AND UNLEASHING THE BENEFITS OF IMMIGRATION
This reliable and up-to-date source of OECD quarterly balance of payments and international merchandise trade statistics provides a detailed insight into the most recent trends in trading patterns for OECD countries with the rest of the world. Balance of payments data are presented adjusted for seasonal variations. International trade data are broken down by country. The series shown cover data for the last ten quarters and two years available. This quarterly publication is divided into three parts: I. Balance of payments and international trade, II. International merchandise trade by country and III. International trade by commodity (annual data). The third part is a special topic which changes with each publication.
Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de leur coopération pour le développement, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. L’Islande adopte, vis-à-vis de ses trois pays partenaires, une approche de long terme pilotée par les partenaires et axée sur la pauvreté, et s’appuie sur ses partenaires multilatéraux pour compléter son portefeuille bilatéral. Elle parvient à faire progresser l’égalité des genres, et de nouveaux accords-cadres conclus avec la société civile ont consolidé ses partenariats. Cet examen par les pairs formule plusieurs recommandations pour aider l’Islande à concentrer sa politique de développement 2024-28 et sa stratégie environnementale et climatique à venir sur un nombre limité de domaines ; tirer parti des hausses récentes de ses volumes d’APD pour élaborer une feuille de route concrète en vue d’atteindre un ratio APD/RNB de 0.7 % ; et adopter une planification stratégique des effectifs pour remédier aux problèmes de ressources humaines. Le Centre GRÓ devrait donner la priorité, dans ses formations, au renforcement des capacités des institutions partenaires et le ministère des Affaires étrangères s’attacher à garantir l’additionnalité et la durabilité lorsqu’il collabore avec le secteur privé.
The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts peer reviews of individual members once every five to six years. Reviews seek to improve the quality and effectiveness of members’ development co-operation, highlighting good practices and recommending improvements. Iceland adopts a partner-led, poverty-focused and long-term approach with its three partner countries and relies on multilateral partners to complement its bilateral portfolio. Iceland successfully advances gender equality and new framework agreements with civil society have strengthened partnerships. This peer review provides a set of recommendations for Iceland to remain focused in its 2024-28 development co-operation policy and forthcoming environment and climate strategy, build on recent official development assistance (ODA) volume increases to develop a concrete roadmap towards 0.7% GNI as ODA, and adopt a strategic workforce plan to address human resource constraints. It recommends that GRÓ training programmes prioritise strengthening partner institutions’ capacity and that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs works to ensure additionality and sustainability when engaging with the private sector.
This dataset contains tax revenue collected by Iceland. It provides detailed tax revenues by sector (Supranational, Federal or Central Government, State or Lander Government, Local Government, and Social Security Funds) and by specific tax, such as capital gains, profits and income, property, sales, etc.
The Pensions at a Glance database includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and mandatory and voluntary pensions. It covers 34 OECD countries and aims to cover all G20 countries. Pensions at a Glance reviews and analyses the pension measures enacted or legislated in OECD countries. It provides an in-depth review of the first layer of protection of the elderly, first-tier pensions across countries and provideds a comprehensive selection of pension policy indicators for all OECD and G20 countries.
This dataset contains data on metropolitan regions with demographic, labour, innovation and economic statistics by population, regional surface, population density, labour force, employment, unemployment, GDP, GDP per capita, PCT patent applications, and elderly dependency ratio.
This dataset comprises statistics on different transactions and balances to get from the GDP to the net lending/borrowing. It includes national disposable income (gross and net), consumption of fixed capital as well as net savings. It also includes transaction components such as net current transfers and net capital transfers. Data are expressed in millions of national currency as well as US dollars and available in both current and constant prices. Data are provided from 1950 onwards.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the standard measure of the value of final goods and services produced by a country during a period minus the value of imports. This subset of Aggregate National Accounts comprises comprehensive statistics on gross domestic product (GDP) by presenting the three different approaches of its measure of GDP: output based GDP, expenditure based GDP and income based GDP. These three different measures of gross domestic product (GDP) are further detailed by transactions whereby: the output approach includes gross value added at basic prices, taxes less subsidies, statistical discrepancy; the expenditure approach includes domestic demand, gross capital formation, external balance of goods and services; and the income approach includes variables such as compensation of employees, gross operating surplus, taxes and production and imports. Gross domestic product (GDP) data are measured in national currency and are available in current prices, constant prices and per capita starting from 1950 onwards.
This report examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nordic labour markets and the associated policy responses undertaken in the areas of unemployment benefits, job retention schemes, active labour market policies and skill development policies. The report discusses the details of these policy measures across Nordic countries and draws out the main lessons learned from their response to the crisis. Finally, the report provides a set of key recommendations in each policy area to enable Nordic countries to build more inclusive and resilient labour markets in the post-pandemic period.
Í landsskýrslunum eru dregnir fram styrkleikar, áskoranir og sérstök aðgerðasvið fyrir hvert hinna 27 aðildarríkja ESB, auk Íslands og Noregs, og er þeim þannig ætlað vera leiðbeininandi við fjárfestingar og íhlutanir á Evrópu-, lands- og svæðisvísu innan ramma evrópsku áætlunarinnar gegn krabbameini. Hverlandsskýrsla veitir stutta samantekt af: krabbameinsbyrði landsmanna; áhættuþáttumr krabbameins (með áherslu á lífsstíls og umhverfisáhættuþætti); Snemmgreiningar áætlanir; árangur krabbameinsmeðferðar (með áherslu á aðgengi, gæði umönnunar, kostnað og áhrif COVID-19 á krabbameinsmeðferð).
This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Iceland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.